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-->Visual Studio for Mac is a .NET integrated development environment on the Mac that can be used to edit, debug, and build code and then publish an app. In addition to expected features, such as a standard editor and debugger, Visual Studio for Mac includes compilers, code completion tools, graphical designers, and source control to ease the software development process.
Visual Studio for Mac supports many of the same file types as its Windows counterpart, such as .csproj
, .fsproj
, or .sln
files, and supports features such as EditorConfig, meaning that you can use the IDE that works best for you.Creating, opening, and developing an app will be a familiar experience for anyone who has previously used Visual Studio on Windows. In addition, Visual Studio for Mac employs many of the powerful tools that make its Windows counterpart such a powerful IDE. The Roslyn Compiler Platform is used for refactoring and IntelliSense. Its project system and build engine use MSBuild, and its source editor uses the same foundation as Visual Studio on Windows. It uses the same debugger engines for Xamarin and .NET Core apps, and the same designers for Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android.
What can I do in Visual Studio for Mac
Visual Studio for Mac supports the following types of development:
- ASP.NET Core web applications with C#, F#, and support for Razor pages, JavaScript, and TypeScript
- .NET Core console applications with C# or F#
- Cross-platform Unity games and applications with C#
- Android, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS applications in Xamarin with C# or F# and XAML
- Cocoa desktop apps in C# or F#
This article explores various sections of Visual Studio for Mac, providing a look at some of the features that make it a powerful tool for creating these applications.
IDE tour
Visual Studio for Mac is organized into several sections for managing application files and settings, creating application code, and debugging.
Getting started
When you start Visual Studio 2019 for Mac, new users will see a sign-in window. Sign-in with your Microsoft account to activate a paid license (if you have one) or link to Azure subscriptions. You can press I'll do this later and sign in later via the Visual Studio > Sign in menu item:
You'll then be given the option to customize the IDE by selecting your preferred keyboard shortcuts: Visual Studio for Mac, Visual Studio, Visual Studio Code, or Xcode:
Signed-in users will see the new start window, which shows a list of recent projects, and buttons to open an existing project or create a new one:
Solutions and projects
The following image shows Visual Studio for Mac with an application loaded:
The following sections provide an overview of the major areas in Visual Studio for Mac.
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Solution pad
The Solution Pad organizes the project(s) in a solution:
This is where files for the source code, resources, user interface, and dependencies are organized into platform-specific Projects.
For more information on using Projects and Solutions in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Projects and Solutions article.
Assembly references
Assembly references for each project are available under the References folder:
Additional references are added using the Edit References dialog, which is displayed by double-clicking on the References folder, or by selecting Edit References on its context menu actions:
For more information on using References in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Managing References in a Project article.
Dependencies / packages
All external dependencies used in your app are stored in the Dependencies or Packages folder, depending on whether you are in a .Net Core or Xamarin.iOS/Xamarin.Android project. These are usually provided in the form of a NuGet.
NuGet is the most popular package manager for .NET development. With Visual Studio's NuGet support, you can easily search for and add packages to your project to application.
To add a dependency to your application, right-click on the Dependencies / Packages folder, and select Add Packages:
Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 For Mac Os X 10 11
Information on using a NuGet package in an application can be found in the Including a NuGet project in your project article.
Source Editor
Regardless of if you're writing in C#, XAML, or Javascript, the code editor the shares the same core components with Visual Studio Windows, with an entirely native user interface.
This brings some of the following features:
- Native macOS (Cocoa-based) user interface (tooltips, editor surface, margin adornments, text rendering, IntelliSense)
- IntelliSense type filtering and 'show import items'
- Support for native text inputs
- RTL/BiDi language support
- Roslyn 3
- Multi-caret support
- Word wrap
- Updated IntelliSense UI
- Improved find/replace
- Snippet support
- Format selection
- Inline lightbulbs
For more information on using the Source Editor in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Source Editor documentation.
To keep tabs visible at all times, you can take advantage of pinning them. This ensures that every time you launch a project, the tab you need will always appear. To pin a tab, hover over the tab and click the pin icon:
Refactoring
Visual Studio for Mac provides two useful ways to refactor your code: Context Actions, and Source Analysis. You can read more about them in the Refactoring article.
Debugging
Visual Studio for Mac has debuggers that support .NET Core, .NET Framework, Unity, and Xamarin projects. Visual Studio for Mac uses the .NET Core debugger and the Mono Soft Debugger, allowing the IDE to debug managed code across all platforms. For additional information on debugging, visit the Debugging article.
The debugger contains rich visualizers for special types such as strings, colors, URLs, as well as sizes, coordinates, and bézier curves.
For more information on the debugger's data visualizations, visit the Data Visualizations article.
Version control
Visual Studio for Mac integrates with Git and Subversion source control systems. Projects under source control are denoted with the branch listed next to the Solution name:
Files with uncommitted changes have an annotation on their icons in the Solution Pane, as illustrated in the following image:
For more information on using version control in Visual Studio, see the Version Control article.
Next steps
Related Video
See also
-->Python is a popular programming language that is reliable, flexible, easy to learn, free to use on all operating systems, and supported by both a strong developer community and many free libraries. Python supports all manners of development, including web applications, web services, desktop apps, scripting, and scientific computing, and is used by many universities, scientists, casual developers, and professional developers alike. You can learn more about the language on python.org and Python for Beginners.
Visual Studio is a powerful Python IDE on Windows. Visual Studio provides open-source support for the Python language through the Python Development and Data Science workloads (Visual Studio 2017 and later) and the free Python Tools for Visual Studio extension (Visual Studio 2015 and earlier).
Python is not presently supported in Visual Studio for Mac, but is available on Mac and Linux through Visual Studio Code (see questions and answers).
To get started:
- Follow the installation instructions to set up the Python workload.
- Familiarize yourself with the Python capabilities of Visual Studio through the sections in this article.
- Go through one or more of the Quickstarts to create a project. If you're unsure, start with Create a web app with Flask.
- Go through one or more of the Quickstarts to create a project. If you're unsure, start with Quickstart: Open and run Python code in a folder or Create a web app with Flask.
- Follow the Work with Python in Visual Studio tutorial for a full end-to-end experience.
Note
Visual Studio supports Python version 2.7, as well as version 3.5 through 3.7. While it is possible to use Visual Studio to edit code written in other versions of Python, those versions are not officially supported and features such as IntelliSense and debugging might not work. Python version 3.8 support is still under development, specific details about support can be seen in this tracking issue on GitHub.
Support for multiple interpreters
Visual Studio's Python Environments window (shown below in a wide, expanded view) gives you a single place to manage all of your global Python environments, conda environments, and virtual environments. Visual Studio automatically detects installations of Python in standard locations, and allows you to configure custom installations. With each environment, you can easily manage packages, open an interactive window for that environment, and access environment folders.
Use the Open interactive window command to run Python interactively within the context of Visual Studio. Use the Open in PowerShell command to open a separate command window in the folder of the selected environment. From that command window you can run any python script.
For more information:
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Rich editing, IntelliSense, and code comprehension
Visual Studio provides a first-class Python editor, including syntax coloring, auto-complete across all your code and libraries, code formatting, signature help, refactoring, linting, and type hints. Visual Studio also provides unique features like class view, Go to Definition, Find All References, and code snippets. Direct integration with the Interactive window helps you quickly develop Python code that's already saved in a file.
For more information:
- Docs: Edit Python code
- Docs: Format code
- Docs: Refactor code
- Docs: Use a linter
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Features of the code editor
Interactive window
For every Python environment known to Visual Studio, you can easily open the same interactive (REPL) environment for a Python interpreter directly within Visual Studio, rather than using a separate command prompt. You can easily switch between environments as well. (To open a separate command prompt, select your desired environment in the Python Environments window, then select the Open in PowerShell command as explained earlier under Support for multiple interpreters.)
Visual Studio also provides tight integration between the Python code editor and the Interactive window. The Ctrl+Enter keyboard shortcut conveniently sends the current line of code (or code block) in the editor to the Interactive window, then moves to the next line (or block). Ctrl+Enter lets you easily step through code without having to run the debugger. You can also send selected code to the Interactive window with the same keystroke, and easily paste code from the Interactive window into the editor. Together, these capabilities allow you to work out details for a segment of code in the Interactive window and easily save the results in a file in the editor.
Visual Studio also supports IPython/Jupyter in the REPL, including inline plots, .NET, and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
For more information:
Project system, and project and item templates
Note
Visual Studio 2019 supports opening a folder containing Python code and running that code without creating Visual Studio project and solution files. For more information, see Quickstart: Open and run Python code in a folder. There are, however, benefits to using a project file, as explained in this section.
Visual Studio helps you manage the complexity of a project as it grows over time. A Visual Studio project is much more than a folder structure: it includes an understanding of how different files are used and how they relate to each other. Visual Studio helps you distinguish app code, test code, web pages, JavaScript, build scripts, and so on, which then enable file-appropriate features. A Visual Studio solution, moreover, helps you manage multiple related projects, such as a Python project and a C++ extension project.
Project and item templates automate the process of setting up different types of projects and files, saving you valuable time and relieving you from managing intricate and error-prone details. Visual Studio provides templates for web, Azure, data science, console, and other types of projects, along with templates for files like Python classes, unit tests, Azure web configuration, HTML, and even Django apps.
For more information:
- Docs: Manage Python projects
- Docs: Item templates reference
- Docs: Python project templates
- Docs: Work with C++ and Python
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Project and item templates
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Solutions and projects in Visual Studio
Full-featured debugging
One of Visual Studio's strengths is its powerful debugger. For Python in particular, Visual Studio includes Python/C++ mixed-mode debugging, remote debugging on Linux, debugging within the Interactive window, and debugging Python unit tests.
In Visual Studio 2019, you can run and debug code without having a Visual Studio project file. See Quickstart: Open and run Python code in a folder for an example.
For more information:
- Docs: Debug Python
- Docs: Python/C++ mixed-mode debugging
- Docs: Remote debugging on Linux
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Feature tour of the Visual Studio Debugger
Profiling tools with comprehensive reporting
Profiling explores how time is being spent within your application. Visual Studio supports profiling with CPython-based interpreters and includes the ability to compare performance between different profiling runs.
For more information:
- Docs: Python profiling tools
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Profiling Feature Tour. (Not all Visual Studio profiling features are available for Python).
Unit testing tools
Discover, run, and manage tests in Visual Studio Test Explorer, and easily debug unit tests.
For more information:
- Docs: Unit testing tools for Python
- General Visual Studio feature docs: Unit test your code.
Azure SDK for Python
The Azure libraries for Python simplify consuming Azure services from Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux apps. You can use them to create and manage Azure resources, as well as to connect to Azure services.
For more information, see Azure SDK for Python and Azure libraries for Python.
Questions and answers
Q. Is Python support available with Visual Studio for Mac?
A. Not at this time, but you can up vote the request on Developer Community. The Visual Studio for Mac documentation identifies the current types of development that it does support. In the meantime, Visual Studio Code on Windows, Mac, and Linux works well with Python through available extensions.
Q. What can I use to build UI with Python?
A. The main offering in this area is the Qt Project, with bindings for Python known as PySide (the official binding) (also see PySide downloads) and PyQt. At present, Python support in Visual Studio does not include any specific tools for UI development.
Q. Can a Python project produce a stand-alone executable?
A. Python is generally an interpreted language, with which code is run on demand in a suitable Python-capable environment such as Visual Studio and web servers. Visual Studio itself does not at present provide the means to create a stand-alone executable, which essentially means a program with an embedded Python interpreter. However, the Python community supplied different means to create executables as described on StackOverflow. CPython also supports being embedded within a native application, as described on the blog post, Using CPython's embeddable zip file.
Feature support
Python features can be installed in the following editions of Visual Studio as described in the installation guide:
- Visual Studio 2017 (all editions)
- Visual Studio 2015 (all editions)
- Visual Studio 2013 Community Edition
- Visual Studio 2013 Express for Web, Update 2 or higher
- Visual Studio 2013 Express for Desktop, Update 2 or higher
- Visual Studio 2013 (Pro edition or higher)
- Visual Studio 2012 (Pro edition or higher)
- Visual Studio 2010 SP1 (Pro edition or higher; .NET 4.5 required)
Visual Studio 2015 and earlier are available at visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/older-downloads/.
Important
Features are fully supported and maintained for only the latest version of Visual Studio. Features are available in older versions but are not actively maintained.
Python support | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manage multiple interpreters | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Auto-detect popular interpreters | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Add custom interpreters | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Virtual Environments | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Pip/Easy Install | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 For Mac Os X 1
Project system | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New project from existing code | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Show all files | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Source control | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Git integration | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔1 | ✗ |
Editing | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Syntax highlighting | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Auto-complete | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Signature help | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Quick info | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Object browser/class view | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Navigation bar | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Go to Definition | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Navigate to | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Find All References | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Auto indentation | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Code formatting | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Refactor - rename | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Refactor - extract method | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Refactor - add/remove import | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
PyLint | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Interactive window | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interactive window | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
IPython with inline graphs | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Desktop | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Console/Windows application | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
IronPython WPF (with XAML designer) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
IronPython Windows Forms | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Web | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Django web project | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Bottle web project | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Flask web project | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Generic web project | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Azure | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deploy to web site | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔2 |
Deploy to web role | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔4 | ✔4 | ✔3 | ✗ |
Deploy to worker role | ? | ? | ? | ✗ | ✔4 | ✔4 | ✔3 | ✗ |
Run in Azure emulator | ? | ? | ? | ✗ | ✔4 | ✔4 | ✔3 | ✗ |
Remote debugging | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔6 | ✔8 | ✔8 | ✗ |
Attach Server Explorer | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔7 | ✔7 | ✗ | ✗ |
Django templates | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debugging | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Auto-complete | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔5 | ✔5 | ✔ | ✔ |
Auto-complete for CSS and JavaScript | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔5 | ✔5 | ✗ | ✗ |
Debugging | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debugging | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Debugging without a project | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Debugging - attach to editing | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Mixed-mode debugging | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ |
Remote debugging (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Debug Interactive window | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Profiling | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Profiling | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Test | 2017+ | 2015 | 2013 Comm | 2013 Desktop | 2013 Web | 2013 Pro+ | 2012 Pro+ | 2010 SP1 Pro+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test explorer | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ |
Run test | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ |
Debug test | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✗ |
Git support for Visual Studio 2012 is available in the Visual Studio Tools for Git extension, available on the Visual Studio Marketplace.
Deployment to Azure Web Site requires Azure SDK for .NET 2.1 - Visual Studio 2010 SP1. Later versions don't support Visual Studio 2010.
Support for Azure Web Role and Worker Role requires Azure SDK for .NET 2.3 - VS 2012 or later.
Support for Azure Web Role and Worker Role requires Azure SDK for .NET 2.3 - VS 2013 or later.
Django template editor in Visual Studio 2013 has some known issues that are resolved by installing Update 2.
Requires Windows 8 or later. Visual Studio 2013 Express for Web doesn't have the Attach to Process dialog, but Azure Web Site remote debugging is still possible using the Attach Debugger (Python) command in Server Explorer. Remote debugging requires Azure SDK for .NET 2.3 - Visual Studio 2013 or later.
Requires Windows 8 or later. Attach Debugger (Python) command in Server Explorer requires Azure SDK for .NET 2.3 - Visual Studio 2013 or later.
Requires Windows 8 or later.